Thursday, May 15, 2014

Austin Lu Absolutism Final Project

     There are many rulers, monarchs, kings, or leaders in the world that have their own view of how they should rule their empires. One particular type of leadership was the practice and following of absolutism. An absolute monarch or leader is one who rules for god and only god. Absolute monarchs also attempt to expand their territories and will do anything to make that happen. There have been some well known absolute monarchs in past european and asian history like, Maximilian, Queen Elizabeth I, Louis XIV, Ivan the terrible, and Akbar. All these rulers follow the model of absolutism. All the rulers have attempted to expand their territories, or at least weakened the surrounding empires, and have done a little extra action to make expansion possible.
     Maximilian was known as the king of Hungary but he is also known for forming Austria. As the king of Hungary Maximilian had fought in many wars and battles to claim several territories to expand his country as a normal absolute ruler would. Maximilian spoke seven languages which made negotiating a lot easier. Maximilian had claimed several territorial holdings for the habsburgs in his early rule. These territories include Netherlands, Spain, Hungary, Bohemia, and the Spanish Empire. Maximilian was later then imprisoned in Bruges and lost the territory of Netherlands. Maximilian, as an absolute monarch, could not accept the fact that he had lost a piece of his empire that he had gained control and had to find his way out of imprisonment. Maximilian made several concessions to the state and the generals to release him. Bruges finally released Maximilian and he later regained control of the Netherlands from his brother. Negotiating his way out of imprisonment was not the only "extreme" he went to for gaining land. Maximilian also married wives that would help him show his power or help him to gain control of more territories. One example of this is his second wife Bianca Maria Sforza. Maximilian married Bianca because it would help to heal the relationship between him and Italy. Once Maximilian had a better relationship with Italy he tried to recapture Milan. Maximilian had already invested in many wars before the invasion of Milan and he had to borrow money to hire soldiers for the invasion. Maximilian did not follow the religious side of an absolute monarch as much as Queen Elizabeth I did. Maximilian could have been dethroned for not pleasing the people of his country with religious guidance, which was pretty important to a absolute monarch.
     Queen Elizabeth I was the queen of England after her brother and her sister Bloody Mary. Queen Elizabeth I, as an absolute monarch, ruled for god and only god more than land, whereas Maximilian ruled for mainly land. Queen Elizabeth I's sister, Bloody Mary became known as a Roman Catholic. After her sister died, Queen Elizabeth I first decided to let Roman Catholics exist in England but later they saw their end. Queen Elizabeth also was accused of many assassinations, this could have been enough for the people to over rule and assassinate her like Julius Caesar was, but one that was true was Queen Elizabeth I did assassinate Mary Stuart, the queen of Scots. Although Queen Elizabeth I ruled mainly for religious purposes, she assassinated Mary Stuart to take away the chance that Mary Stuart might have taken Queen Elizabeth I position. After Queen Elizabeth I assassinated Mary Stuart, Spain attempted an invasion on England. Spain was one of the biggest threats to England because they were considered as the Royal Navy. England successfully defend Spain and was then considered to be the new Royal Navy. This was one of the few times that Queen Elizabeth tried to expand her empire rather to rule for god and god only. Louis XIV ruling style was a mix between Queen Elizabeth I and Maximilian, but he was still an absolute ruler.
     Louis XIV was the king of France and he ruled for both god and for territorial expansion. Louis XIV claims that his power was inherited and derived from God. Louis XIV was devout catholic but he saw himself as the head of the Catholic Church. Louis XIV decided to revoke the Edict of Nantes which gave a tolerance for different religious followers in France. Following the revoked edict Louis XIV forced all Huguenots to convert to catholicism. Louis XIV ruled France with a very strict religion and also with a strong territorial expansion goal in mind. He was a very smart leader and hired a finance minister to help strengthen his economy. Louis XIV finance minister helped his economy so much that he was able to give out monopolies and have tariffs. The tariffs and the monopolies made the country so wealthy that he was able to raise the taxes if he needed to. Behind all the money and the wealth France had earned most of it was about to be spent on upcoming wars. Louis XIV became pretty lucky that the people of France did not rebel against him for all his large taxes and tariffs. Louis XIV attempted to take the Spanish Netherlands and the Dutch Republic with all the money that he had collected. He later then try to invade Spain. Louis XIV lost that war and almost took the country in to bankruptcy. Ivan the terrible had a very similar ruling style as Louis XIV had.
     Ivan the terrible was the czar of Russia at very young and trough some very tough times. Ivan the terrible was born when his father was still in rule. Three years later Ivan's father died and declared that Ivan would become ruler at the age of fifteen. Before Ivan was ruler, his mother had the throne for a few years and later she died too. After his mother, the Boyars had power over Russia and paid no attention to Ivan unless there was a ceremony involving him. Ivan and his brother were neglected and mistreated very often and were starved. After years had past Ivan had ordered a meeting with the Boyars and dethroned them. After the meting with the Boyars Ivan was crowned czar of Russia. Ivan was still too young to make his own decisions so two of his uncles handled the administrative work. Ivan later found out that his uncles were mistreating the Boyars and dethroned them as well. Even when Ivan was young he still had power, but his young age could have take him for the worse and he might have not become czar of Russia. Ivan was very religious to points where he even had many confessions in public of his sins in Moscow. Ivan also tried to expand his territory, as a normal absolute monarch would. At the end of his rule Ivan had expanded Russia by one million kilometers. Ivan had to act abnormally to expand Russia that much. He had to force the Boyars and the princes to be in the calvary because he had lost many soldiers in previous wars. Akbar the Great was not quite like Ivan the terrible or Even Maximilian. Akbar was very religious like Queen Elizabeth I.
     Akbar the great was the ruler of India and ruled mainly for god and god only. Akbar the great built the House of Worship in the new capital that he had found, Sikri. Ivan the great was very religious he went to the House of Worship very often and he rewrote laws to make his citizens happy. Akbar did try to expand his territory and succeeded at some of his attacks but he also weakened many fortresses and was shy of victory. This gave an advantage to the empires that he attacked because if the fortresses were only weakened the empires knew his attack strategies. This big pitfall did not seem to matter to his villagers because he pleased almost everyone of them and Akbar was well known for that. Akbar was also well known for the blending of different cultures and societies. Akbar had different architecture designs that were in his new capital. He also was very involved in the arts and academic subjects. Akbar the great is not a typical absolute monarch but he did whatever it took to make his people happy.



                                                                       Works Cited


"Absolutism and Revolution." Absolutism and Revolution. N.p., 3 Dec. 2010. Web. 13 May 2014. <http://www.slideshare.net/akashag11111/absolutism-and-revolution>.

Damerow, Harold, Dr. "Louis XIV." Louis XIV. Senior Professor of Government and History, 10 Oct. 2009. Web. 13 May 2014. <http://faculty.ucc.edu/egh-damerow/louis_xiv.htm>.

Harrman, Susan. "Absolute Terror: Ivan the Terrible (And You Thought Your Nickname Was Bad. . .)." N.p., n.d. Web. 14 May 2014. <http://academic.mu.edu/meissnerd/ivan-terrible.htm>.

"Maximilian I." World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras. ABC-CLIO, 2014. Web. 13 May 2014.

"Part2_11." Part2_11. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 May 2014. <http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00islamlinks/ikram/part2_11.html>.

"Queen Elizabeth I of England." Queen Elizabeth I of England. MMV Prof. Pavlac's Women's History Site, 7 Dec. 2005. Web. 14 May 2014. <http://departments.kings.edu/womens_history/elizabeth.html>.

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